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How to configure a photovoltaic relay protection device

Photovoltaic relay protection devices must be configured to ensure selective, fast, and reliable isolation of faults while complying with standards such as GB/T 32900-2025.Key Principles of PV Relay Protection

Relay protection in PV systems is designed to detect abnormal conditions—such as overcurrent, earth faults, over/under voltage, and frequency deviations—and isolate affected sections to prevent equipment damage and maintain grid stability (GB/T 32900-2025). Protection devices are typically installed at multiple points: inverters, AC junction boxes (ACJB), main switchboards (MSB), transformers, and collection lines. Coordination and sensitivity are critical. Downstream relays (closer to inverters or ACJBs) are set with lower pickup currents and faster operating times to isolate small faults quickly, while upstream relays have higher thresholds to avoid unnecessary trips from minor disturbances (Distributed Generation Practices) .

Common Protection Functions and Settings
  1. Overcurrent (OC) Protection
    • Uses Standard Inverse (SI) IDMT curves for AC side protection.
    • Downstream relays trip faster than upstream relays to protect cables and inverters.
    • Time-multiplier settings (TMS) and plug settings (PS) are calculated to maintain at least a 0.15-second margin between protection tiers .
  2. Earth Fault Protection
    • Detects current imbalances between phase and ground.
    • In PV inverters, earth fault currents are often low (
How to configure a photovoltaic relay protection device

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